Some studies have also demonstrated that probiotics may decrease the incidence of respiratory infections and tooth decay in children, as well as the severity and duration of traveler's diarrhea in adults. A 2007 study conducted by University College Cork in Ireland has shown that the consumption of fermented milk with Lactobacillus was able to prevent Salmonella infections in pigs (probiotics for IBS).
It does not document the benefit to any other strain, although the same species as the one tested, nor a fortiori for the entire group of probacteria. The FAO / WHO which provides this definition refers to non-pathogenic microorganisms present in food or added to them. This distinction is often not taken into consideration, is of extreme importance as regards the safety of use of viable bacteria.
The consequences of these interactions as a whole, however, are yet to understand. It is believed that probiotics can have several beneficial effects on immune function. They can protect from the pathogenic species through inhibition of growth through competition and, as suggested by some evidence, act on the immune system by increasing the number of cells that produce immunoglobulin, enhancing phagocytosis, increasing the proportion of T lymphocytes and NK cells (Natural Killer).
In a 2004 study were tested some markers of the immune system of students who have taken for 6 weeks during the exams (3 weeks of the study, 3 weeks of exams) milk or Actimel. Two of these markers were significantly different between the group that took milk and what was taking Actimel: increased production of lymphocytes and the production of CD56 positive cells.
It is still not clear how probiotics may counteract the overreaction of the immune system, but a potential mechanism seems to be the desensitization of T lymphocytes, an important component of the immune system, to pro-inflammatory stimuli. An interesting beneficial effect of some probiotic strains in this regard relates to atopic dermatitis and asthma in children; However, there are conflicting data in the literature. It does not seem that pro biotics can reduce the effects of persistent eczema and dermatitis.
There is broad consensus that some probiotics can improve the quality of life of those suffering from gastrointestinal disorders (bloating, abdominal pain, etc.). Within this population, the group of people who suffer from Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) has been taken as a reference (even for assessments by EFSA) to test the potential of probiotics in improving symptoms.
These results can be considered valid also for all those who have similar symptoms but do not have a diagnosis of IBS. Some strains gave positive results for this type of activity, including the reduction of constipation and restoring a "normal" transit time. Interesting are the data obtained in a 2009 study on the efficacy of Lactobacillus GG in the outpatient management approaches with natural disturbances related to formar diarea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome and bloating.
There is no evidence that the bacteria that inhabit the intestine (the so-called intestinal microbiota) may modulate the mucosal immune system; some probiotic strains are able to establish a dialogue cross (cross-talk) with the intestinal immune system (GALT, Gut Associated Lymphoid Tissue) and to therefore have an effect on it.
It does not document the benefit to any other strain, although the same species as the one tested, nor a fortiori for the entire group of probacteria. The FAO / WHO which provides this definition refers to non-pathogenic microorganisms present in food or added to them. This distinction is often not taken into consideration, is of extreme importance as regards the safety of use of viable bacteria.
The consequences of these interactions as a whole, however, are yet to understand. It is believed that probiotics can have several beneficial effects on immune function. They can protect from the pathogenic species through inhibition of growth through competition and, as suggested by some evidence, act on the immune system by increasing the number of cells that produce immunoglobulin, enhancing phagocytosis, increasing the proportion of T lymphocytes and NK cells (Natural Killer).
In a 2004 study were tested some markers of the immune system of students who have taken for 6 weeks during the exams (3 weeks of the study, 3 weeks of exams) milk or Actimel. Two of these markers were significantly different between the group that took milk and what was taking Actimel: increased production of lymphocytes and the production of CD56 positive cells.
It is still not clear how probiotics may counteract the overreaction of the immune system, but a potential mechanism seems to be the desensitization of T lymphocytes, an important component of the immune system, to pro-inflammatory stimuli. An interesting beneficial effect of some probiotic strains in this regard relates to atopic dermatitis and asthma in children; However, there are conflicting data in the literature. It does not seem that pro biotics can reduce the effects of persistent eczema and dermatitis.
There is broad consensus that some probiotics can improve the quality of life of those suffering from gastrointestinal disorders (bloating, abdominal pain, etc.). Within this population, the group of people who suffer from Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) has been taken as a reference (even for assessments by EFSA) to test the potential of probiotics in improving symptoms.
These results can be considered valid also for all those who have similar symptoms but do not have a diagnosis of IBS. Some strains gave positive results for this type of activity, including the reduction of constipation and restoring a "normal" transit time. Interesting are the data obtained in a 2009 study on the efficacy of Lactobacillus GG in the outpatient management approaches with natural disturbances related to formar diarea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome and bloating.
There is no evidence that the bacteria that inhabit the intestine (the so-called intestinal microbiota) may modulate the mucosal immune system; some probiotic strains are able to establish a dialogue cross (cross-talk) with the intestinal immune system (GALT, Gut Associated Lymphoid Tissue) and to therefore have an effect on it.
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